Vocal Pathologies and “GERD” Association in a Tertiary Care Centre of Assam

Abstract

Background: Vocal pathologies can arise due to multiple etiologies, with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) emerging as a significant extralaryngeal factor. This study evaluates the epidemiological profile and the association between GERD and vocal pathologies in patients attending a tertiary care voice clinic in Assam.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 100 patients presenting with voice disorders. Demographic details, clinical history, systemic comorbidities, and laryngoscopic findings were recorded. The Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) was used to assess the presence and severity of GERD.
Results: Among the 100 patients, 59% were females. GERD was present in 70% of cases. A strong correlation was observed between GERD and vocal fold pathologies, particularly vocal fold edema (41%), nodules (25%), and polyps (19%). The age group most affected was 46–60 years (30%). Lifestyle factors like tobacco (78%) and caffeine (89%) intake were prevalent.
Conclusion: GERD is significantly associated with a spectrum of vocal cord disorders. Early diagnosis using RSI and fiberoptic laryngoscopy, along with GERD management, is essential in preventing chronic vocal injury.