Radiological approach for early diagnosis of diabetic foot disease

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic foot disease (DFD) is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to ulcers, infections, and amputations. Early detection is critical to prevent severe morbidity. This study investigates the effectiveness of various radiological modalities in diagnosing DFD at its early stages, particularly before ulcer formation.

Aim and Objective: To diagnose diabetic foot disease in its early stage and evaluate the role of different radiological modalities—especially ultrasound and MRI—in its early detection and monitoring, thereby enabling timely management and prevention of progression to advanced disease.

Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 96 diabetic patients with suspected early foot complications. All patients underwent ultrasound with Doppler assessment. MRI was performed in 24% of patients based on clinical indication. Imaging findings were correlated with clinical data and monitored over time. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained.

Results:
The study population consisted predominantly of males (58.33%) aged 46–60 years (38.54%). Symptomatic presentations were more common (66.67%). Atherosclerosis was the most frequent risk factor (66%), followed by poor glycemic control (19.61%). Ultrasound detected abnormalities in 73 of 96 cases, yielding a 76% diagnostic capability. MRI identified changes in
14 of 23 patients, yielding a 60% diagnostic capability. Ultrasound was effective in identifying vascular and soft tissue changes, while MRI provided detailed soft tissue and bone marrow
evaluation in complex cases.
Conclusion:
Ultrasound is a valuable first-line imaging modality in early DFD diagnosis. MRI serves as an essential adjunct in selected cases. Integrating both into diabetic foot evaluation protocols enhances early detection and improves patient outcomes.